DAO Layer - Generics to the Rescue

Generics can be a powerful tool to create reusable code with the power of compile time verification (type safety..).
Unfortunately I feel the main stream developers still afraid of it.
However, in analogy to Hagrid's spiders I would say that Generics are seriously misunderstood creatures... :-)

I hope the following example will demonstrate how useful they can be.

The Problem - DAO (Data Access Objects) classes have common methods such as save, update, delete, loadAll.. which are required in every DAO class.
Writing a base class with these common methods and making every DAO object extend it, is simply not enough since each DAO class represents a different domain class and therefore the type used in the common methods' signature is different (although implementation is similar), for example:

class OrderDAO {
//save method receive an Order
public void save(Order order){....}
//getAll method return Orders List
public List<Order> getAll(){...}
}
 
class UserDAO{
//save method receive an User
public void save(User user){....}
//getAll method return Users List
public List<User> getAll(){...}
}

How Generics can help us create a base class with a common implementation and yet, keep method signature type-safety?

First, we need to define an interface with the common methods:

/**
 * Base interface for CRUD operations and common queries
 */
public interface IDaoBase<T> {
     
    public List<T> loadAll();
     
    public void save(T domain);
         
    public void update(T domain);
         
    public void delete(T domain);
     
    public T get(Serializable id);
     
    /**
     * Get list by criteria
     * @param detachedCriteria the domain query criteria, include condition and the orders.
     * @return
     *
     */
    public List<T> getListByCriteria(DetachedCriteria detachedCriteria);
     
    public List<T> getListByCriteria(DetachedCriteria detachedCriteria, int offset, int size);   
}

Please note that we utilize generics so each method signature has a type T, which in the implemented DAO classes, will be a concrete type, per domain.

The second step is to create an abstract class which implements the common functionality:

public abstract class DaoBase<T> extends HibernateDaoSupport implements IDaoBase<T> {
    private Class<T> entityClass;
     
    @Autowired
    public void setSession(SessionFactory sessionFactory){
        this.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);
    }
         
    public DaoBase() {
         
        entityClass = (Class<T>) ((ParameterizedType) getClass()
                .getGenericSuperclass()).getActualTypeArguments()[0];
    }
 
        public List<T> loadAll(){
        return getHibernateTemplate().loadAll(entityClass);
    }
 
    public void delete(T domain) {
        getHibernateTemplate().delete(domain);
    }
 
    public void save(T domain) {
        getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(domain);
         
    }
 
    public void update(T domain) {
        getHibernateTemplate().merge(domain);
    }
     
     
        public T get(Serializable id) {
        T o = (T) getHibernateTemplate().get(entityClass, id);
        return o;
    }
 
    public List<T> getListByCriteria(DetachedCriteria detachedCriteria,
            int offset, int size) {
        return getHibernateTemplate().findByCriteria(detachedCriteria, offset, size);
    }
     
    public List<T> getListByCriteria(DetachedCriteria detachedCriteria) {
        return getHibernateTemplate().findByCriteria(detachedCriteria);
    }
}

 
And that's it !
Take a minute or two to inspect how the base object implements a generic functionality with a type-safety manner.

All we have to do when implementing a new DAO is:
1. Interface to extend the IDaoBase with a concrete type

public interface DaoUser extends IDaoBase<User> {//<=Notice the User typing
    //Add any additional custom methods..
    public User getbyUsername(String username);
        public User getbyEmail(String email);
}

2. Implementation to extend the DaoBase with a concrete type

//This class has all the common methods, which are type safe for the User class
@Repository("daoUser")
public class DaoUserImpl extends DaoBase<User> implements DaoUser { //<=Notice the User typing
 
    public User getbyUsername(String username) {
// concrete implmentation       ...
    }

So now you see how powerful it is to use generics. Hope it is now a bit less scary and more understood...

Please post me if you have further cool tricks utilizing generics for ease development.

Moreover, if you think any of the above can be improved, I'll be happy to hear about it.