Servlet is one of the most important specifications in the Java EE ecosystem. It is used on millions of applications and hundreds of web frameworks. Because the Java Servlet specification is highly tied to the HTTP protocol, it is updated following HTTP protocol changes.
HTTP 2 comes after the widely used HTTP 1.1 protocol, and its new features bring much better performance to the web. For example, the HTTP/2 Server Push feature gives a way to push web resources from server to client. In that way, server applications are able to send content(s) at the beginning of the initial requests, instead of waiting for clients' requests. It brings an efficient way to transfer resources in HTTP 2-enabled web applications.
The PushBuilder interface is designed for the HTTP/2 Server Push feature in the JSR 369 - Java Servlet 4.0 Specification. It looks like below:
javax.servlet.http.PushBuilder:
public interface PushBuilder {
public PushBuilder method(String method);
public PushBuilder queryString(String queryString);
public PushBuilder sessionId(String sessionId);
public PushBuilder setHeader(String name, String value);
public PushBuilder addHeader(String name, String value);
public PushBuilder removeHeader(String name);
public PushBuilder path(String path);
public void push();
public String getMethod();
public String getQueryString();
public String getSessionId();
public Set getHeaderNames();
public String getHeader(String name);
public String getPath();
}For example, you can push a resource in a Servlet class like below:
@WebServlet(value = {"/http2"})
public class Http2Servlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) {
PushBuilder pushBuilder = req.newPushBuilder(); (1)
pushBuilder
.path("images/kodedu-logo.png")
.addHeader("content-type", "image/png")
.push(); (2)
try(PrintWriter respWriter = resp.getWriter();){
respWriter.write("<html>" +
"<img src='images/kodedu-logo.png'>" + (3)
"</html>");
}
}
}| 1 | Returns a new PushBuilder instance if HTTP/2 enabled or null if it is not enabled/supported. |
| 2 | Will push kodedu-logo.png to client |
| 3 | <img element will not initiate a request for the image |
Above, when you do a GET request on this Servlet, HTML content and the pushed image will be accessible on the browser almost at the same time. So, <img src='..'.. would not initiate a new request for the resource because it had already been sent to the client.
If you want to try this feature;
- Download JDK-8u131+ http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index-jsp-138363.html, previous versions will not work.
- Download the latest Glassfish build http://download.oracle.com/glassfish/5.0/nightly/latest-glassfish.zip
- Clone my simple app and build it:
git clone https://github.com/rahmanusta/servlet4-push cd servlet4-push mvn clean install -DskipTests=true - Deploy the app to the Glassfish
cd target // asadmin create-domain domain1 asadmin start-domain domain1 asadmin deploy Servlet4Push.war - Open the URL https://localhost:8181/Servlet4Push/http2 and watch the network traffic.
On the other hand, you can run the demo with Docker with the following command;
docker run -it --rm -d -p 8181:8181 rahmanusta/servlet4-pushHere is the Dockerfile that just uses the official Glassfish Docker image and moves the Servlet4Push.war to Glassfish’s autodeploy folder. After container run, it will deploy the demo app in just seconds!
FROM oracle/glassfish:nightly-web
MAINTAINER Rahman Usta<rahmanusta@kodedu.com>
COPY ./target/Servlet4Push.war /glassfish5/glassfish/domains/domain1/autodeploy
EXPOSE 8080:8080
EXPOSE 8181:8181
EXPOSE 4848:4848Then open the link https://localhost:8181/Servlet4Push/http2 and watch the network traffic.
If you want to look into the spec documentation, you can find it here. (See 3.8 HTTP/2 Server Push),
Hope to see you again!
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