Today's tip is about submitting tasks. Historically, we Java developers commonly used a new Thread directly when we wanted something to be done in parallel with the current thread. These days, there are a number of other, better, and more convenient ways of getting the job done.

For the sake of simplicity, we assume that we have a task we want to run that does not return something. This can be modeled using the Runnable interface, and we can use lambdas to express our tasks.

Here are a number of alternate ways to execute a task:

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // Runs in the main thread 
        helloWorld();

        // Runs in a new thread
        new Thread(Main::helloWorld).start();

        // Runs in the default fork join pool
        ForkJoinPool.commonPool().submit(Main::helloWorld);

        // Runs in the default fork join pool via a CompletableFuture
        CompletableFuture.runAsync(Main::helloWorld);

        // Runs in a custom fork join pool (with three workers)
        new ForkJoinPool(3).submit(Main::helloWorld)

        // Queues up task in a single thread executor
        Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().execute(Main::helloWorld);

        // Caches tasks so that short lived re-occurring tasks can execute faster
        Executors.newCachedThreadPool().execute(Main::helloWorld);

        // Runs in a separate thread pool with the given delay
        Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2).schedule(Main::helloWorld, 10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    }

    public static void helloWorld() {
        System.out.println("Hello World greeting from " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}

This will produce the following print out:

Hello World greeting from main

Hello World greeting from Thread-0

Hello World greeting from ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1

Hello World greeting from ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1

Hello World greeting from ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1

Hello World greeting from pool-1-thread-1

Hello World greeting from pool-2-thread-1

Hello World greeting from pool-3-thread-1

Remember that in a real scenario, we need to shut down the custom thread pools we are creating, or else our program will not terminate properly (because there are still live threads hanging around). Closing a thread pool can be done like this:

try {
     forkJoinPool.shutdown();
     forkJoinPool.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.HOURS);

} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
     ie.printStackTrace();
} 

Read more on thread executing principles on DZone here.

Follow the Java Holiday Calendar 2016 with small tips and tricks all the way through the winter holiday season. I am contributing to open-source Speedment, a stream-based ORM tool and runtime. Please check it out on GitHub.