k - Nearest Neighbor Search
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Join For FreeA k-nearest neighbor search identifies the top k nearest neighbors to a query. The problem is: given a dataset D of vectors in a d-dimensional space and a query point x in the same space, find the closest point in D to x. The following function performs a k-nearest neighbor search using the euclidean distance:
Now, we will test this function on a random bidimensional dataset:
The red point is the query vector and the blue ones represent the data. The blue points surrounded by a black circle are the nearest neighbors.
from numpy import random,argsort,sqrt from pylab import plot,show def knn_search(x, D, K): """ find K nearest neighbours of data among D """ ndata = D.shape[1] K = K if K < ndata else ndata # euclidean distances from the other points sqd = sqrt(((D - x[:,:ndata])**2).sum(axis=0)) idx = argsort(sqd) # sorting # return the indexes of K nearest neighbours return idx[:K]The function computes the euclidean distance between every point of D and x then returns the indexes of the points for which the distance is smaller.
Now, we will test this function on a random bidimensional dataset:
# knn_search test data = random.rand(2,200) # random dataset x = random.rand(2,1) # query point # performing the search neig_idx = knn_search(x,data,10) # plotting the data and the input point plot(data[0,:],data[1,:],'ob',x[0,0],x[1,0],'or') # highlighting the neighbours plot(data[0,neig_idx],data[1,neig_idx],'o', markerfacecolor='None',markersize=15,markeredgewidth=1) show()The result is as follows:
The red point is the query vector and the blue ones represent the data. The blue points surrounded by a black circle are the nearest neighbors.
Neighbors (app)
Published at DZone with permission of Giuseppe Vettigli, DZone MVB. See the original article here.
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