Tic Tac Toe With Python 3

After more than 11 years in Java programming, I decided to learn the great Python programming language. 

This post will display a Python 3 program with a wxpython library and create a Tic Tac Toe game between a human player and a machine player or the program itself.

The program randomly chooses cells and can be replaced by an AI program or introduce a supervised Machine Learning program to improve machine player capacity.

The program is in one file below: 

import wx
import os
import wx.grid as gridlib
import random
from time import sleep

print('wx version : {}'.format(wx.version()))

current_player = 'Human (X)'

game_over = False

win_state = [[(0,0),(0,1),(0,2)],
[(1,0),(1,1),(1,2)],
[(2,0),(2,1),(2,2)],
[(0,0),(1,0),(2,0)],
[(0,1),(1,1),(2,1)],
[(0,2),(1,2),(2,2)],
[(0,0),(1,1),(2,2)],
[(0,2),(1,1),(2,0)]
]



def CheckWins(grid):
human_state=  []
machine_state = []
for i in range(3):
for j in range(3):
value = grid.GetCellValue(i, j)
if value == 'X':
human_state.append((i,j))
elif value == 'O':
machine_state.append((i,j))

for elem in win_state:
if set(elem).issubset(human_state):
return 'HUMAN_WINS'
elif set(elem).issubset(machine_state):
return 'MACHINE_WINS'
else:
return False

def CheckAvailableCells(grid):
available_cells = []
for i in range(3):
for j in range(3):
value = grid.GetCellValue(i,j)
if value == '' or value == None:
available_cells.append((i,j))
return available_cells

def GetCellsByValue(grid, value):
requested_cells = []
for i in range(3):
for j in range(3):
v = grid.GetCellValue(i,j)
if v == value:
requested_cells.append((i,j))
return requested_cells


def empty_cells(state):
pass


def SwitchPlayer(player):
global current_player
if player == 'Human (X)':
current_player = 'Machine (O)'
else:
current_player = 'Human (X)'

class SimpleGrid(wx.grid.Grid):

def __init__(self, parent):
wx.grid.Grid.__init__(self, parent, -1)

self.CreateGrid(3, 3)

self.SetRowLabelSize(0)

self.SetColSize(0, 100)
self.SetColSize(1, 100)
self.SetColSize(2, 100)

self.SetRowSize(0, 50)
self.SetRowSize(1, 50)
self.SetRowSize(2, 50)


#Set Listeners
self.Bind(gridlib.EVT_GRID_CELL_LEFT_CLICK, self.OnClickCell)


def OnClickCell(self,event):
global game_over
if game_over == True:
return

row, col = event.GetRow(), event.GetCol() 
grid_win = self.GetGridWindow() 
cellFont  = wx.Font(pointSize=16, family=wx.FONTFAMILY_ROMAN,
style=wx.FONTSTYLE_NORMAL, weight=wx.FONTWEIGHT_NORMAL,
underline=False, faceName='Utopia')
value = self.GetCellValue( row,col)
#Chech current player 
if value != 'X' and value != 'O' and current_player == 'Human (X)':
self.SetCursor(wx.StockCursor(wx.CURSOR_HAND)) 
self.SetCellValue( row, col, 'X')
self.SetCellBackgroundColour(row, col, wx.RED)
self.SetCellTextColour(row, col, wx.BLUE) 
self.SetCellFont(row,col,cellFont)
self.SetReadOnly( row, col)

#check_wins
whoWins =  CheckWins(self)
#automated machine
if whoWins == False:
SwitchPlayer(current_player)
self.playerLbl.SetLabel('Current Player : %s' % current_player)
#1 Check available
available_cells = CheckAvailableCells(self)
if len(available_cells) == 0:
game_over = True
self.winnerLbl.SetForegroundColour(wx.Colour(226,116,13))
self.winnerLbl.SetLabel('Draw game !!!')
else:
nextPos = random.choice(available_cells)
self.SetCursor(wx.StockCursor(wx.CURSOR_HAND)) 
self.SetCellValue( nextPos[0], nextPos[1], 'O')
self.SetCellBackgroundColour(nextPos[0], nextPos[1], wx.GREEN)
self.SetCellTextColour(nextPos[0], nextPos[1], wx.BLUE) 
self.SetCellFont(nextPos[0],nextPos[1],cellFont)
self.SetReadOnly( nextPos[0], nextPos[1])
whoWins =  CheckWins(self)
if whoWins == False:
SwitchPlayer(current_player)
self.playerLbl.SetLabel('Current Player : %s' % current_player) 
elif whoWins == 'HUMAN_WINS':
game_over = True
self.winnerLbl.SetForegroundColour(wx.Colour(31,216,25))
self.winnerLbl.SetLabel('You win !!!')
elif whoWins == "MACHINE_WINS":
game_over = True
self.winnerLbl.SetForegroundColour(wx.Colour(239,11,11))
self.winnerLbl.SetLabel('You loose !!!')





elif whoWins == 'HUMAN_WINS':
game_over = True
self.winnerLbl.SetForegroundColour(wx.Colour(31,216,25))
self.winnerLbl.SetLabel('You win !!!')
elif whoWins == "MACHINE_WINS":
game_over = True
self.winnerLbl.SetForegroundColour(wx.Colour(239,11,11))
self.winnerLbl.SetLabel('You loose !!!')



elif value != 'X' and value != 'O' and current_player == '#Machine (O)':
self.SetCursor(wx.StockCursor(wx.CURSOR_HAND)) 
self.SetCellValue( row, col, 'O')
self.SetCellBackgroundColour(row, col, wx.GREEN)
self.SetCellTextColour(row, col, wx.BLUE) 
self.SetCellFont(row,col,cellFont)
self.SetReadOnly( row, col)
whoWins =  CheckWins(self)
if whoWins == False:
SwitchPlayer(current_player)
self.playerLbl.SetLabel('Current Player : %s' % current_player) 
elif whoWins == 'HUMAN_WINS':
game_over = True
self.winnerLbl.SetForegroundColour(wx.Colour(31,216,25))
self.winnerLbl.SetLabel('You win !!!')
elif whoWins == "MACHINE_WINS":
game_over = True
self.winnerLbl.SetForegroundColour(wx.Colour(239,11,11))
self.winnerLbl.SetLabel('You loose !!!')
else:
grid_win.SetCursor(wx.StockCursor(wx.CURSOR_CROSS))









class MainWindow(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, title):
   wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, title=title, size=(350,350))
   working_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
   #Frame Icon
   _icon = wx.Icon()
   _icon.CopyFromBitmap(wx.Bitmap("TIC_TAC_TOE.png", wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ANY))
   self.SetIcon(_icon)

   self.panel = wx.Panel(self, wx.ID_ANY)

   sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)

   self.panel.grid = SimpleGrid(self.panel)

   self.panel.grid.playerLbl = wx.StaticText(self.panel,label='Current Player : %s' % current_player)
   self.panel.grid.winnerLbl = wx.StaticText(self.panel,label='')



   sizer.Add(self.panel.grid.playerLbl,0,wx.ALL,5)
   sizer.Add(self.panel.grid,0,wx.ALL,0)
   sizer.Add(self.panel.grid.winnerLbl,0,wx.ALL,5)


   self.panel.SetSizer(sizer)


   self.CreateStatusBar() # A Statusbar in the bottom of the window

   # Setting up the menu.
   filemenu = wx.Menu()

   # wx.ID_ABOUT and wx.ID_EXIT are standard IDs provided by wxWidgets.
   newGameMenuItem = filemenu.Append(wx.ID_NEW,"&New","Play new game")
   filemenu.AppendSeparator()
   aboutMenuItem = filemenu.Append(wx.ID_ABOUT, "&About","Tic Tac Toe game")
   filemenu.AppendSeparator()
   exitMenuItem = filemenu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT,"E&xit"," Terminate the program")


   # Creating the menubar.
   menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
   menuBar.Append(filemenu,"&Game") # Adding the "filemenu" to the MenuBar
   self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)  # Adding the MenuBar to the Frame content.


   # Event handling
   self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnAbout, aboutMenuItem)
   self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnExit, exitMenuItem)
   self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnNewGame, newGameMenuItem)

   self.Centre()
   self.Show(True)


def OnAbout(self,event):
# A message dialog box with an OK button. wx.OK is a standard ID in wxWidgets.
dlg = wx.MessageDialog( self, "Tic Tac Toe Game", "About", wx.OK)
dlg.ShowModal() # Show it
dlg.Destroy() # finally destroy it when finished.

def OnExit(self,event):
self.Close(True)

def OnNewGame(self,event):
dlg = wx.MessageDialog( self, "Are you sure ?", "Confirm New Game", wx.OK | wx.CANCEL | wx.ICON_QUESTION)
result = dlg.ShowModal() # Show it
dlg.Destroy()
if result == wx.ID_OK:
global current_player
current_player = 'Human (X)'
global game_over
game_over = False
self.panel.grid.playerLbl.SetLabel('Current Player : %s' % current_player)
self.panel.grid.winnerLbl.SetLabel('')
#Clear all cells
for i in range(3):
for j in range(3):
self.panel.grid.SetCellValue(i, j, "")
self.panel.grid.SetCellBackgroundColour(i, j, None)
else:
print('Do Nothing !')


app = wx.App(False)  
frame = MainWindow(None, "Tic Tac Toe") 
frame.Show(True)    
app.MainLoop()

Note that you need to put icon (TIC_TAC_TOE.png in the same folder)

Hope this is helpful!