Large organisations' systems may have from tens of thousands to a few million lines of code and a good part of those lines is legacy code. By legacy code I mean code without tests. Many of these systems started being written many years ago, before the existence of cool things and frameworks we take for granted today. Due to how some systems are configured (database, properties file, proprietary xml) , we cannot simply change a class constructor or method signature to pass in the dependencies without undertaking a much larger refactoring. Changing one piece of code can break completely unknown parts of the system. Developers are not comfortable in making changes in certain areas of the system. Test-first and unit testing is not widely used by developers.