Venkatt Guhesan

See how to create a simple ''Hello World'' Node.js application and deploy it to an environment that may not have an internet connection.

Here's a quick way to set up a Bash script when dealing with a template file containing variables.

Opening SourceTree in Git generates error 69, which occurs after the application XCode has been updated, but not yet opened.

Recently I decided to port some of my development using ZeroMQ onto my CentOS development machine and I ran into some challenges. I’m documenting those challenges so that if someone else runs into the same pitfalls I did, they can avoid it. In this example today, we will work with the first “HelloWorld” examples in the ZeroMQ guide found here. I added a few modifications to the sample such as a package name and a try-catch around the Thread and an exception.tostring() to display any stack-trace. Source code for src/zmq/hwserver.java package zmq; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.io.StringWriter; import org.zeromq.ZMQ; // // Hello World server in Java // Binds REP socket to tcp://*:5555 // Expects "Hello" from client, replies with "World" // public class hwserver { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { ZMQ.Context context = ZMQ.context(1); // Socket to talk to clients ZMQ.Socket socket = context.socket(ZMQ.REP); socket.bind ("tcp://*:5555"); try { while (!Thread.currentThread ().isInterrupted ()) { byte[] reply = socket.recv(0); System.out.println("Received Hello"); String request = "World" ; socket.send(request.getBytes (), 0); Thread.sleep(1000); // Do some 'work' } } catch(Exception e) { StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(); PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw); e.printStackTrace(pw); System.out.println(sw.toString()); } socket.close(); context.term(); } } Similarly, source code for the client, src/zmq/hwclient.java package zmq; import org.zeromq.ZMQ; public class hwclient { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { ZMQ.Context context = ZMQ.context(1); // Socket to talk to server System.out.println("Connecting to hello world server"); ZMQ.Socket socket = context.socket(ZMQ.REQ); socket.connect ("tcp://localhost:5555"); for(int requestNbr = 0; requestNbr != 10; requestNbr++) { String request = "Hello" ; System.out.println("Sending Hello " + requestNbr ); socket.send(request.getBytes (), 0); byte[] reply = socket.recv(0); System.out.println("Received " + new String (reply) + " " + requestNbr); } socket.close(); context.term(); } } Now that you have the sample code, how do you compile using the ZeroMQ? Assumption: You have installed Java (1.7 or above) Step-1: Installing ZeroMQ onto CentOS [Following steps are performed under root account] Install “Development Tools” if it’s not already installed on your CentOS as root: yum groupinstall “Development Tools” Download the “POSIX tarball” ZeroMQ source code onto your CentOS development machine from here. At the time of writing this article, ZeroMQ version 3.2.3 was the stable release. You might want to download the latest stable release. Unpack the .tar.gz source archive. Run ./configure, followed by “make” then “make install“. Run ldconfig after installation. Step-2: Installing a Language Binding for Java. In this case, we will use JZMQ from https://github.com/zeromq/jzmq Download the latest stable release from GITHub link above. (git clone git://github.com/zeromq/jzmq.git) Change directory, cd jzmq Compile and Install: 1 2 3 4 ./autogen.sh ./configure make make install Where did it install? 1 2 # JAR is located here: /usr/local/share/java/zmq.jar # .so link files are located here: /usr/local/lib Important Step: Add /usr/local/lib to a line in /etc/ld.so.conf (here is my copy after editing) 1 2 include ld.so.conf.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib Reload “ldconfig“. This clears the cache. Step-3: Compile and run the Java examples above. cd ~/dev/zeromq/example/ # Compile hwserver.java javac -classpath /usr/local/share/java/zmq.jar ./zmq/hwserver.java # Compile hwclient.java javac -classpath /usr/local/share/java/zmq.jar ./zmq/hwclient.java # Run hwserver in a separate prompt java -classpath .: /usr/local/share/java/zmq.jar -Djava.library.path=/usr/local/lib zmq.hwserver # Run hwclient in a seperate prompt java -classpath .:/usr/local/share/java/zmq.jar -Djava.library.path=/usr/local/lib zmq.hwclient Output on the hwserver console: Received Hello Received Hello Received Hello Received Hello Received Hello Received Hello Received Hello Received Hello Received Hello Received Hello output on the hwclient console: Connecting to hello world server Sending Hello 0 Received World 0 Sending Hello 1 Received World 1 Sending Hello 2 Received World 2 Sending Hello 3 Received World 3 Sending Hello 4 Received World 4 Sending Hello 5 Received World 5 Sending Hello 6 Received World 6 Sending Hello 7 Received World 7 Sending Hello 8 Received World 8 Sending Hello 9 Received World 9 Few interesting points to note are as follows: What happens if you started the client first and then the server? Well, the client waits until the server becomes available (or in other words, until some process connects to socket port 5555) and then sends the message. When you say socket.send(…), ZeroMQ actually enqueues a message to be sent later by a dedicated communication thread and this thread waits until a bind on port 5555 happens by “server”. Also observe that the “server” is doing the connecting, and the “client” is doing the binding. What is ZeroMQ (ØMQ)? (Excerpt from the ZeroMQ website!) ØMQ (also seen as ZeroMQ, 0MQ, zmq) looks like an embeddable networking library but acts like a concurrency framework. It gives you sockets that carry atomic messages across various transports like in-process, inter-process, TCP, and multicast. You can connect sockets N-to-N with patterns like fanout, pub-sub, task distribution, and request-reply. It’s fast enough to be the fabric for clustered products. Its asynchronous I/O model gives you scalable multicore applications, built as asynchronous message-processing tasks. It has a score of language APIs and runs on most operating systems. ØMQ is from iMatix and is LGPLv3 open source.

Developing with Grails and Groovy can be a blessing and and pain all at the same time. The development moves at a rapid rate but when you decide to include libraries that depend on other libraries, your pain starts to build up. For example, when you include the module “HttpBuilder”in your project you may run into issues with Xerces and xml-apis, especially when you attempt to deploy the WAR file under Tomcat. These libraries are included as part of Tomcat and so an older version of those classes may give you a heartburn. If your objective is to use some raw HTTP classes to create your requests and responses, then you can use the basic URL class to do most of the raw connection options. Although using HttpBuilder makes it a clean implementation, the URL class gives you very similar power without all the overhead of including the dependency classes. def urlConnect = new URL(url) def connection = urlConnect.openConnection() //Set all of your needed headers connection.setRequestProperty("X-Forwarded-For", "") if(connection.responseCode == 200){ responseText = connection.content.text } else{ println "An error occurred:" println connection.responseCode println connection.responseMessage } So the trick to the Groovy URL class is to use the “openConnection()” method and then gain access to some of the raw functionality. Cheers. From http://mythinkpond.wordpress.com/2011/10/24/grails-groovy-alternative-to-httpbuilder-adding-headers-to-your-http-request/

Below is a list of some tools that can help you examine your Java source code for potential problems: 1. PMD from http://pmd.sourceforge.net/ License: PMD is licensed under a “BSD-style” license PMD scans Java source code and looks for potential problems like: * Possible bugs – empty try/catch/finally/switch statements * Dead code – unused local variables, parameters and private methods * Suboptimal code – wasteful String/StringBuffer usage * Overcomplicated expressions – unnecessary if statements, for loops that could be while loops * Duplicate code – copied/pasted code means copied/pasted bugs You can download everything from here, and you can get an overview of all the rules at the rulesets index page. PMD is integrated with JDeveloper, Eclipse, JEdit, JBuilder, BlueJ, CodeGuide, NetBeans/Sun Java Studio Enterprise/Creator, IntelliJ IDEA, TextPad, Maven, Ant, Gel, JCreator, and Emacs. 2. FindBug from http://findbugs.sourceforge.net License: L-GPL FindBugs, a program which uses static analysis to look for bugs in Java code. And since this is a project from my alumni university (IEEE – University of Maryland, College Park – Bill Pugh) , I have to definitely add this contribution to this list. 3. Clover from http://www.cenqua.com/clover/ License: Free for Open Source (more like a GPL) Measures statement, method, and branch coverage and has XML, HTML, and GUI reporting. and comprehensive plug-ins for major IDEs. * Improve Test Quality * Increase Testing Productivity * Keep Team on Track Fully integrated plugins for NetBeans, Eclipse , IntelliJ IDEA, JBuilder and JDeveloper. These plugins allow you to measure and inspect coverage results without leaving the IDE. Seamless Integration with projects using Apache Ant and Maven. * Easy integration into legacy build systems with command line interface and API. Fast, accurate, configurable, detailed coverage reporting of Method, Statement, and Branch coverage. Rich reporting in HTML, PDF, XML or a Swing GUI Precise control over the coverage gathering with source-level filtering. Historical charting of code coverage and other metrics. Fully compatible with JUnit 3.x & 4.x, TestNG, JTiger and other testing frameworks. Can also be used with manual, functional or integration testing. 4. Macker from http://innig.net/macker/ License: GPL Macker is a build-time architectural rule checking utility for Java developers. It’s meant to model the architectural ideals programmers always dream up for their projects, and then break — it helps keep code clean and consistent. You can tailor a rules file to suit a specific project’s structure, or write some general “good practice” rules for your code. Macker doesn’t try to shove anybody else’s rules down your throat; it’s flexible, and writing a rules file is part of the development process for each unique project. 5 EMMA from http://emma.sourceforge.net/ License: EMMA is distributed under the terms of Common Public License v1.0 and is thus free for both open-source and commercial development. Reports on class, method, basic block, and line coverage (text, HTML, and XML). EMMA can instrument classes for coverage either offline (before they are loaded) or on the fly (using an instrumenting application classloader). Supported coverage types: class, method, line, basic block. EMMA can detect when a single source code line is covered only partially. Coverage stats are aggregated at method, class, package, and “all classes” levels. Output report types: plain text, HTML, XML. All report types support drill-down, to a user-controlled detail depth. The HTML report supports source code linking. Output reports can highlight items with coverage levels below user-provided thresholds. Coverage data obtained in different instrumentation or test runs can be merged together. EMMA does not require access to the source code and degrades gracefully with decreasing amount of debug information available in the input classes. EMMA can instrument individial .class files or entire .jars (in place, if desired). Efficient coverage subset filtering is possible, too. Makefile and ANT build integration are supported on equal footing. EMMA is quite fast: the runtime overhead of added instrumentation is small (5-20%) and the bytecode instrumentor itself is very fast (mostly limited by file I/O speed). Memory overhead is a few hundred bytes per Java class. EMMA is 100% pure Java, has no external library dependencies, and works in any Java 2 JVM (even 1.2.x). 6. XRadar from http://xradar.sourceforge.net/ License: BSD (me thinks) The XRadar is an open extensible code report tool currently supporting all Java based systems. The batch-processing framework produces HTML/SVG reports of the systems current state and the development over time – all presented in sexy tables and graphs. The XRadar gives measurements on standard software metrics such as package metrics and dependencies, code size and complexity, code duplications, coding violations and code-style violations. 7. Hammurapi from Hammurapi Group License: (if anyone knows the license for this email me Venkatt.Guhesan at Y! dot com) Hammurapi is a tool for execution of automated inspection of Java program code. Following the example of 282 rules of Hammurabi’s code, we are offered over 120 Java classes, the so-called inspectors, which can, at three levels (source code, packages, repository of Java files), state whether the analysed source code contains violations of commonly accepted standards of coding. Relevant Links: http://en.sdjournal.org/products/articleInfo/93 http://wiki.hammurapi.biz/index.php?title=Hammurapi_4_Quick_Start 8. Relief from http://www.workingfrog.org/ License: GPL Relief is a design tool providing a new look on Java projects. Relying on our ability to deal with real objects by examining their shape, size or relative place in space it gives a “physical” view on java packages, types and fields and their relationships, making them easier to handle. 9. Hudson from http://hudson-ci.org/ License: MIT Hudson is a continuous integration (CI) tool written in Java, which runs in a servlet container, such as Apache Tomcat or the GlassFish application server. It supports SCM tools including CVS, Subversion, Git and Clearcase and can execute Apache Ant and Apache Maven based projects, as well as arbitrary shell scripts and Windows batch commands. 10. Cobertura from http://cobertura.sourceforge.net/ License: GNU GPL Cobertura is a free Java tool that calculates the percentage of code accessed by tests. It can be used to identify which parts of your Java program are lacking test coverage. It is based on jcoverage. 11. SonarSource from http://www.sonarsource.org/ (recommended by Vishwanath Krishnamurthi – thanks) License: LGPL Sonar is an open platform to manage code quality. As such, it covers the 7 axes of code quality: Architecture & Design, Duplications, Unit Tests, Complexity, Potential bugs, Coding rules, Comments. From http://mythinkpond.wordpress.com/2011/07/14/java-tools-for-source-code-optimization-and-analysis/