RFC-compliant Email Address Validator
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Join For FreeA PHP function that validates all parts of a given email address, according to RFCs 1123, 2396, 3696, 4291, 4343, 5321 & 5322. I’ve released it under a license that allows you to use it royalty-free in commercial or non-commercial work, subject to a few conditions. It’s almost certainly the first email address validator that correctly lets you put an IPv6 address in for the domain part…
I've put this snippet into Google Code where you can be sure of getting the latest version: http://code.google.com/p/isemail/source/browse/#svn/trunk
* Test schema documentation Copyright (c) 2010, Daniel Marschall
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* - Neither the name of Dominic Sayers nor the names of its contributors may be
* used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
* specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
* ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* @package is_email
* @author Dominic Sayers
* @copyright 2008-2010 Dominic Sayers
* @license http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php BSD License
* @link http://www.dominicsayers.com/isemail
* @version 2.8.3 - Clarified text for ISEMAIL_IPV6BADCHAR and new test #276 added (too many IPv6 groups with an elision)
*/
// The quality of this code has been improved greatly by using PHPLint
// Copyright (c) 2010 Umberto Salsi
// This is free software; see the license for copying conditions.
// More info: http://www.icosaedro.it/phplint/
/*.
require_module 'standard';
require_module 'pcre';
.*/
/**
* Check that an email address conforms to RFCs 5321, 5322 and others
*
* @param string $email The email address to check
* @param boolean $checkDNS If true then a DNS check for A and MX records will be made
* @param mixed $errorlevel If true then return an integer error or warning number rather than true or false
*/
/*.mixed.*/ function is_email ($email, $checkDNS = false, $errorlevel = false) {
// Check that $email is a valid address. Read the following RFCs to understand the constraints:
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321)
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322)
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291#section-2.2)
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123#section-2.1)
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696) (guidance only)
// $errorlevel Behaviour
// --------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// E_ERROR Return validation failures only. For technically valid addresses return
// ISEMAIL_VALID
// E_WARNING Return warnings for unlikely but technically valid addresses. This includes
// addresses at TLDs (e.g. johndoe@com), addresses with FWS and comments,
// addresses that are quoted and addresses that contain no alphabetic or
// numeric characters.
// true Same as E_ERROR
// false Return true for valid addresses, false for invalid ones. No warnings.
//
// Errors can be distinguished from warnings if ($return_value > ISEMAIL_ERROR)
// version 2.0: Enhance $diagnose parameter to $errorlevel
// revision 2.5: some syntax changes to make it more PHPLint-friendly. Should be functionally identical.
if (!defined('ISEMAIL_VALID')) {
// No errors
define('ISEMAIL_VALID' , 0);
// Warnings (valid address but unlikely in the real world)
define('ISEMAIL_WARNING' , 64);
define('ISEMAIL_TLD' , 65);
define('ISEMAIL_TLDNUMERIC' , 66);
define('ISEMAIL_QUOTEDSTRING' , 67);
define('ISEMAIL_COMMENTS' , 68);
define('ISEMAIL_FWS' , 69);
define('ISEMAIL_ADDRESSLITERAL' , 70);
define('ISEMAIL_UNLIKELYINITIAL' , 71);
define('ISEMAIL_SINGLEGROUPELISION' , 72);
define('ISEMAIL_DOMAINNOTFOUND' , 73);
define('ISEMAIL_MXNOTFOUND' , 74);
// Errors (invalid address)
define('ISEMAIL_ERROR' , 128);
define('ISEMAIL_TOOLONG' , 129);
define('ISEMAIL_NOAT' , 130);
define('ISEMAIL_NOLOCALPART' , 131);
define('ISEMAIL_NODOMAIN' , 132);
define('ISEMAIL_ZEROLENGTHELEMENT' , 133);
define('ISEMAIL_BADCOMMENT_START' , 134);
define('ISEMAIL_BADCOMMENT_END' , 135);
define('ISEMAIL_UNESCAPEDDELIM' , 136);
define('ISEMAIL_EMPTYELEMENT' , 137);
define('ISEMAIL_UNESCAPEDSPECIAL' , 138);
define('ISEMAIL_LOCALTOOLONG' , 139);
// define('ISEMAIL_IPV4BADPREFIX' , 140);
define('ISEMAIL_IPV6BADPREFIXMIXED' , 141);
define('ISEMAIL_IPV6BADPREFIX' , 142);
define('ISEMAIL_IPV6GROUPCOUNT' , 143);
define('ISEMAIL_IPV6DOUBLEDOUBLECOLON' , 144);
define('ISEMAIL_IPV6BADCHAR' , 145);
define('ISEMAIL_IPV6TOOMANYGROUPS' , 146);
define('ISEMAIL_DOMAINEMPTYELEMENT' , 147);
define('ISEMAIL_DOMAINELEMENTTOOLONG' , 148);
define('ISEMAIL_DOMAINBADCHAR' , 149);
define('ISEMAIL_DOMAINTOOLONG' , 150);
define('ISEMAIL_IPV6SINGLECOLONSTART' , 151);
define('ISEMAIL_IPV6SINGLECOLONEND' , 152);
// Unexpected errors
// define('ISEMAIL_BADPARAMETER' , 190);
// define('ISEMAIL_NOTDEFINED' , 191);
// revision 2.1: Redefined unexpected error constants so they don't clash with the ISEMAIL_WARNING bit
// revision 2.5: Undefined unused constants
}
if (is_bool($errorlevel)) {
if ((bool) $errorlevel) {
$diagnose = true;
$warn = false;
} else {
$diagnose = false;
$warn = false;
}
} else {
switch ((int) $errorlevel) {
case E_WARNING:
$diagnose = true;
$warn = true;
break;
case E_ERROR:
$diagnose = true;
$warn = false;
break;
default:
$diagnose = false;
$warn = false;
}
}
if ($diagnose) /*.mixed.*/ $return_status = ISEMAIL_VALID; else $return_status = true;
// version 2.0: Enhance $diagnose parameter to $errorlevel
// the upper limit on address lengths should normally be considered to be 254
// (http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=3696)
// NB My erratum has now been verified by the IETF so the correct answer is 254
//
// The maximum total length of a reverse-path or forward-path is 256
// characters (including the punctuation and element separators)
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321#section-4.5.3.1.3)
// NB There is a mandatory 2-character wrapper round the actual address
$emailLength = strlen($email);
// revision 1.17: Max length reduced to 254 (see above)
if ($emailLength > 254) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_TOOLONG; else return false; // Too long
// Contemporary email addresses consist of a "local part" separated from
// a "domain part" (a fully-qualified domain name) by an at-sign ("@").
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696#section-3)
$atIndex = strrpos($email,'@');
if ($atIndex === false) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_NOAT; else return false; // No at-sign
if ($atIndex === 0) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_NOLOCALPART; else return false; // No local part
if ($atIndex === $emailLength - 1) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_NODOMAIN; else return false; // No domain part
// revision 1.14: Length test bug suggested by Andrew Campbell of Gloucester, MA
// Sanitize comments
// - remove nested comments, quotes and dots in comments
// - remove parentheses and dots from quoted strings
$braceDepth = 0;
$inQuote = false;
$escapeThisChar = false;
for ($i = 0; $i < $emailLength; ++$i) {
$char = $email[$i];
$replaceChar = false;
if ($char === '\\') $escapeThisChar = !$escapeThisChar; // Escape the next character?
else {
switch ($char) {
case '(':
if ($escapeThisChar) $replaceChar = true;
else if ($inQuote) $replaceChar = true;
else if ($braceDepth++ > 0) $replaceChar = true; // Increment brace depth
break;
case ')':
if ($escapeThisChar) $replaceChar = true;
else if ($inQuote) $replaceChar = true;
else {
if (--$braceDepth > 0) $replaceChar = true; // Decrement brace depth
if ($braceDepth < 0) $braceDepth = 0;
}
break;
case '"':
if ($escapeThisChar) $replaceChar = true;
else if ($braceDepth === 0) $inQuote = !$inQuote; // Are we inside a quoted string?
else $replaceChar = true;
break;
case '.':
if ($escapeThisChar) $replaceChar = true; // Dots don't help us either
else if ($braceDepth > 0) $replaceChar = true;
break;
default:
}
$escapeThisChar = false;
// if ($replaceChar) $email[$i] = 'x'; // Replace the offending character with something harmless
// revision 1.12: Line above replaced because PHPLint doesn't like that syntax
if ($replaceChar) $email = (string) substr_replace($email, 'x', $i, 1); // Replace the offending character with something harmless
}
}
$localPart = substr($email, 0, $atIndex);
$domain = substr($email, $atIndex + 1);
$FWS = "(?:(?:(?:[ \\t]*(?:\\r\\n))?[ \\t]+)|(?:[ \\t]+(?:(?:\\r\\n)[ \\t]+)*))"; // Folding white space
$dotArray = /*. (array[]) .*/ array();
// Let's check the local part for RFC compliance...
//
// local-part = dot-atom / quoted-string / obs-local-part
// obs-local-part = word *("." word)
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322#section-3.4.1)
//
// Problem: need to distinguish between "first.last" and "first"."last"
// (i.e. one element or two). And I suck at regexes.
$dotArray = preg_split('/\\.(?=(?:[^\\"]*\\"[^\\"]*\\")*(?![^\\"]*\\"))/m', $localPart);
$partLength = 0;
foreach ($dotArray as $arrayMember) {
$element = (string) $arrayMember;
// Remove any leading or trailing FWS
$new_element = preg_replace("/^$FWS|$FWS\$/", '', $element);
if ($warn && ($element !== $new_element)) $return_status = ISEMAIL_FWS; // FWS is unlikely in the real world
$element = $new_element;
// version 2.3: Warning condition added
$elementLength = strlen($element);
if ($elementLength === 0) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_ZEROLENGTHELEMENT; else return false; // Can't have empty element (consecutive dots or dots at the start or end)
// revision 1.15: Speed up the test and get rid of "unitialized string offset" notices from PHP
// We need to remove any valid comments (i.e. those at the start or end of the element)
if ($element[0] === '(') {
if ($warn) $return_status = ISEMAIL_COMMENTS; // Comments are unlikely in the real world
// version 2.0: Warning condition added
$indexBrace = strpos($element, ')');
if ($indexBrace !== false) {
if (preg_match('/(? 0)
if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_BADCOMMENT_START; else return false; // Illegal characters in comment
$element = substr($element, $indexBrace + 1, $elementLength - $indexBrace - 1);
$elementLength = strlen($element);
}
}
if ($element[$elementLength - 1] === ')') {
if ($warn) $return_status = ISEMAIL_COMMENTS; // Comments are unlikely in the real world
// version 2.0: Warning condition added
$indexBrace = strrpos($element, '(');
if ($indexBrace !== false) {
if (preg_match('/(? 0)
if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_BADCOMMENT_END; else return false; // Illegal characters in comment
$element = substr($element, 0, $indexBrace);
$elementLength = strlen($element);
}
}
// Remove any remaining leading or trailing FWS around the element (having removed any comments)
$new_element = preg_replace("/^$FWS|$FWS\$/", '', $element);
if ($warn && ($element !== $new_element)) $return_status = ISEMAIL_FWS; // FWS is unlikely in the real world
$element = $new_element;
// version 2.0: Warning condition added
// What's left counts towards the maximum length for this part
if ($partLength > 0) $partLength++; // for the dot
$partLength += strlen($element);
// Each dot-delimited component can be an atom or a quoted string
// (because of the obs-local-part provision)
if (preg_match('/^"(?:.)*"$/s', $element) > 0) {
// Quoted-string tests:
if ($warn) $return_status = ISEMAIL_QUOTEDSTRING; // Quoted string is unlikely in the real world
// version 2.0: Warning condition added
// Remove any FWS
$element = preg_replace("/(? 0) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_UNESCAPEDDELIM; else return false; // ", CR, LF and NUL must be escaped
// version 2.0: allow ""@example.com because it's technically valid
} else {
// Unquoted string tests:
//
// Period (".") may...appear, but may not be used to start or end the
// local part, nor may two or more consecutive periods appear.
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696#section-3)
//
// A zero-length element implies a period at the beginning or end of the
// local part, or two periods together. Either way it's not allowed.
if ($element === '') if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_EMPTYELEMENT; else return false; // Dots in wrong place
// Any ASCII graphic (printing) character other than the
// at-sign ("@"), backslash, double quote, comma, or square brackets may
// appear without quoting. If any of that list of excluded characters
// are to appear, they must be quoted
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696#section-3)
//
// Any excluded characters? i.e. 0x00-0x20, (, ), <, >, [, ], :, ;, @, \, comma, period, "
if (preg_match('/[\\x00-\\x20\\(\\)<>\\[\\]:;@\\\\,\\."]/', $element) > 0) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_UNESCAPEDSPECIAL; else return false; // These characters must be in a quoted string
if ($warn && (preg_match('/^\\w+/', $element) === 0)) $return_status = ISEMAIL_UNLIKELYINITIAL; // First character is an odd one
}
}
if ($partLength > 64) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_LOCALTOOLONG; else return false; // Local part must be 64 characters or less
// Now let's check the domain part...
// The domain name can also be replaced by an IP address in square brackets
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696#section-3)
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321#section-4.1.3)
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291#section-2.2)
if (preg_match('/^\\[(.)+]$/', $domain) === 1) {
// It's an address-literal
if ($warn) $return_status = ISEMAIL_ADDRESSLITERAL; // Quoted string is unlikely in the real world
// version 2.0: Warning condition added
$addressLiteral = substr($domain, 1, strlen($domain) - 2);
$groupMax = 8;
// revision 2.1: new IPv6 testing strategy
$matchesIP = array();
$colon = ':'; // Revision 2.7: Daniel Marschall's new IPv6 testing strategy
$double_colon = '::';
// Extract IPv4 part from the end of the address-literal (if there is one)
if (preg_match('/\\b(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\\.){3}(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)$/', $addressLiteral, $matchesIP) > 0) {
$index = strrpos($addressLiteral, $matchesIP[0]);
if ($index === 0) {
// Nothing there except a valid IPv4 address, so...
if ($diagnose) return $return_status; else return true;
// version 2.0: return warning if one is set
} else {
//- // Assume it's an attempt at a mixed address (IPv6 + IPv4)
//- if ($addressLiteral[$index - 1] !== $colon) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_IPV4BADPREFIX; else return false; // Character preceding IPv4 address must be ':'
// revision 2.1: new IPv6 testing strategy
if (substr($addressLiteral, 0, 5) !== 'IPv6:') if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_IPV6BADPREFIXMIXED; else return false; // RFC5321 section 4.1.3
//-
//- $IPv6 = substr($addressLiteral, 5, ($index === 7) ? 2 : $index - 6);
//- $groupMax = 6;
// revision 2.1: new IPv6 testing strategy
$IPv6 = substr($addressLiteral, 5, $index - 5) . '0000:0000'; // Convert IPv4 part to IPv6 format
}
} else {
// It must be an attempt at pure IPv6
if (substr($addressLiteral, 0, 5) !== 'IPv6:') if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_IPV6BADPREFIX; else return false; // RFC5321 section 4.1.3
$IPv6 = substr($addressLiteral, 5);
//- $groupMax = 8;
// revision 2.1: new IPv6 testing strategy
}
$matchesIP = explode($colon, $IPv6); // Revision 2.7: Daniel Marschall's new IPv6 testing strategy
$groupCount = count($matchesIP);
$index = strpos($IPv6,$double_colon);
if ($index === false) {
// We need exactly the right number of groups
if ($groupCount !== $groupMax) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_IPV6GROUPCOUNT; else return false; // RFC5321 section 4.1.3
} else {
if ($index !== strrpos($IPv6,$double_colon)) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_IPV6DOUBLEDOUBLECOLON; else return false; // More than one '::'
if ($index === 0 || $index === (strlen($IPv6) - 2)) $groupMax++; // RFC 4291 allows :: at the start or end of an address with 7 other groups in addition
if ($groupCount > $groupMax) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_IPV6TOOMANYGROUPS; else return false; // Too many IPv6 groups in address
if ($groupCount === $groupMax) $return_status = ISEMAIL_SINGLEGROUPELISION; // Eliding a single group with :: is deprecated by RFCs 5321 & 5952
}
// Check for single : at start and end of address
// Revision 2.7: Daniel Marschall's new IPv6 testing strategy
if ((substr($IPv6, 0, 1) === $colon) && (substr($IPv6, 1, 1) !== $colon)) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_IPV6SINGLECOLONSTART; else return false; // Address starts with a single colon
if ((substr($IPv6, -1) === $colon) && (substr($IPv6, -2, 1) !== $colon)) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_IPV6SINGLECOLONEND; else return false; // Address ends with a single colon
// Check for unmatched characters
if (count(preg_grep('/^[0-9A-Fa-f]{0,4}$/', $matchesIP, PREG_GREP_INVERT)) !== 0) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_IPV6BADCHAR ; else return false; // Illegal characters in address
// It's a valid IPv6 address, so...
if ($diagnose) return $return_status; else return true;
// revision 2.1: bug fix: now correctly return warning status
} else {
// It's a domain name...
// The syntax of a legal Internet host name was specified in RFC-952
// One aspect of host name syntax is hereby changed: the
// restriction on the first character is relaxed to allow either a
// letter or a digit.
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123#section-2.1)
//
// NB RFC 1123 updates RFC 1035, but this is not currently apparent from reading RFC 1035.
//
// Most common applications, including email and the Web, will generally not
// permit...escaped strings
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696#section-2)
//
// the better strategy has now become to make the "at least one period" test,
// to verify LDH conformance (including verification that the apparent TLD name
// is not all-numeric)
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696#section-2)
//
// Characters outside the set of alphabetic characters, digits, and hyphen MUST NOT appear in domain name
// labels for SMTP clients or servers
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321#section-4.1.2)
//
// RFC5321 precludes the use of a trailing dot in a domain name for SMTP purposes
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321#section-4.1.2)
$dotArray = preg_split('/\\.(?=(?:[^\\"]*\\"[^\\"]*\\")*(?![^\\"]*\\"))/m', $domain);
$partLength = 0;
$element = ''; // Since we use $element after the foreach loop let's make sure it has a value
// revision 1.13: Line above added because PHPLint now checks for Definitely Assigned Variables
if ($warn && (count($dotArray) === 1)) $return_status = ISEMAIL_TLD; // The mail host probably isn't a TLD
// version 2.0: downgraded to a warning
foreach ($dotArray as $arrayMember) {
$element = (string) $arrayMember;
// Remove any leading or trailing FWS
$new_element = preg_replace("/^$FWS|$FWS\$/", '', $element);
if ($warn && ($element !== $new_element)) $return_status = ISEMAIL_FWS; // FWS is unlikely in the real world
$element = $new_element;
// version 2.0: Warning condition added
$elementLength = strlen($element);
// Each dot-delimited component must be of type atext
// A zero-length element implies a period at the beginning or end of the
// local part, or two periods together. Either way it's not allowed.
if ($elementLength === 0) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_DOMAINEMPTYELEMENT; else return false; // Dots in wrong place
// revision 1.15: Speed up the test and get rid of "unitialized string offset" notices from PHP
// Then we need to remove all valid comments (i.e. those at the start or end of the element
if ($element[0] === '(') {
if ($warn) $return_status = ISEMAIL_COMMENTS; // Comments are unlikely in the real world
// version 2.0: Warning condition added
$indexBrace = strpos($element, ')');
if ($indexBrace !== false) {
if (preg_match('/(? 0)
if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_BADCOMMENT_START; else return false; // Illegal characters in comment
// revision 1.17: Fixed name of constant (also spotted by turboflash - thanks!)
$element = substr($element, $indexBrace + 1, $elementLength - $indexBrace - 1);
$elementLength = strlen($element);
}
}
if ($element[$elementLength - 1] === ')') {
if ($warn) $return_status = ISEMAIL_COMMENTS; // Comments are unlikely in the real world
// version 2.0: Warning condition added
$indexBrace = strrpos($element, '(');
if ($indexBrace !== false) {
if (preg_match('/(? 0)
if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_BADCOMMENT_END; else return false; // Illegal characters in comment
// revision 1.17: Fixed name of constant (also spotted by turboflash - thanks!)
$element = substr($element, 0, $indexBrace);
$elementLength = strlen($element);
}
}
// Remove any leading or trailing FWS around the element (inside any comments)
$new_element = preg_replace("/^$FWS|$FWS\$/", '', $element);
if ($warn && ($element !== $new_element)) $return_status = ISEMAIL_FWS; // FWS is unlikely in the real world
$element = $new_element;
// version 2.0: Warning condition added
// What's left counts towards the maximum length for this part
if ($partLength > 0) $partLength++; // for the dot
$partLength += strlen($element);
// The DNS defines domain name syntax very generally -- a
// string of labels each containing up to 63 8-bit octets,
// separated by dots, and with a maximum total of 255
// octets.
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123#section-6.1.3.5)
if ($elementLength > 63) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_DOMAINELEMENTTOOLONG; else return false; // Label must be 63 characters or less
// Any ASCII graphic (printing) character other than the
// at-sign ("@"), backslash, double quote, comma, or square brackets may
// appear without quoting. If any of that list of excluded characters
// are to appear, they must be quoted
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696#section-3)
//
// If the hyphen is used, it is not permitted to appear at
// either the beginning or end of a label.
// (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696#section-2)
//
// Any excluded characters? i.e. 0x00-0x20, (, ), <, >, [, ], :, ;, @, \, comma, period, "
if (preg_match('/[\\x00-\\x20\\(\\)<>\\[\\]:;@\\\\,\\."]|^-|-$/', $element) > 0) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_DOMAINBADCHAR; else return false; // Illegal character in domain name
}
if ($partLength > 255) if ($diagnose) return ISEMAIL_DOMAINTOOLONG; else return false; // Domain part must be 255 characters or less (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123#section-6.1.3.5)
if ($warn && (preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $element) > 0)) $return_status = ISEMAIL_TLDNUMERIC; // TLD probably isn't all-numeric (http://www.apps.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3696.html#sec-2)
// version 2.0: Downgraded to a warning
// Check DNS?
if ($diagnose && ($return_status === ISEMAIL_VALID) && $checkDNS && function_exists('checkdnsrr')) {
if (!(checkdnsrr($domain, 'A'))) $return_status = ISEMAIL_DOMAINNOTFOUND; // 'A' record for domain can't be found
if (!(checkdnsrr($domain, 'MX'))) $return_status = ISEMAIL_MXNOTFOUND; // 'MX' record for domain can't be found
}
}
// Eliminate all other factors, and the one which remains must be the truth.
// (Sherlock Holmes, The Sign of Four)
if ($diagnose) return $return_status; else return true;
// version 2.0: return warning if one is set
}
$email = 'dominic@sayers.cc';
echo "Testing $email
";
echo "$email is " . ((is_email($email)) ? '' : 'not ') . 'a valid email address';
?>
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