Mock gRPC Services for Unit Testing
Have gRPC services? Here's how to mock them easily for your testing.
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Join For FreeIn our day-to-day work, we develop applications that include interactions with software components through I/O. They can be a database, a broker, or some form of blob storage. Take, for example, the cloud components you interact with: Azure Storage Queue, SQS, Pub/Sub. The communication with those components usually happens with an SDK.
From the start, testing will kick in. Therefore, the interaction with those components should be tackled in a testing context. An approach is to use installations (or simulators) of those components and have the code interacting with an actual instance, just like the way it can be achieved by using test containers or by creating infrastructure for testing purposes only.
Another approach is to spin up a mock service of the components and have the tests interacting with it. A good example of this can be Hoverfly. A simulated HTTP service is run during testing and test cases interact with it.
Both can be used on various situations depending on the qualities our testing process requires. We shall focus on the second approach applied on gRPC.
It is well known that most Google Cloud Components come with a gRPC API. In our scenario, we have an application publishing messages to Pub/Sub.
Let’s put the needed dependencies first:
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>libraries-bom</artifactId>
<version>24.1.2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>google-cloud-pubsub</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
<artifactId>grpc-testing</artifactId>
<version>1.43.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.api.grpc</groupId>
<artifactId>grpc-google-cloud-pubsub-v1</artifactId>
<version>1.97.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>Let’s start with our publisher class.
package com.egkatzioura.notification.publisher;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import com.google.api.core.ApiFuture;
import com.google.api.core.ApiFutureCallback;
import com.google.api.core.ApiFutures;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.Publisher;
import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PubsubMessage;
public class UpdatePublisher {
private final Publisher publisher;
private final Executor executor;
public UpdatePublisher(Publisher publisher, Executor executor) {
this.publisher = publisher;
this.executor = executor;
}
public CompletableFuture<String> update(String notification) {
PubsubMessage pubsubMessage = PubsubMessage.newBuilder()
.setData(ByteString.copyFromUtf8(notification))
.build();
ApiFuture<String> apiFuture = publisher.publish(pubsubMessage);
return toCompletableFuture(apiFuture);
}
private CompletableFuture<String> toCompletableFuture(ApiFuture<String> apiFuture) {
final CompletableFuture<String> responseFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
ApiFutures.addCallback(apiFuture, new ApiFutureCallback<>() {
@Override
public void onFailure(Throwable t) {
responseFuture.completeExceptionally(t);
}
@Override
public void onSuccess(String result) {
responseFuture.complete(result);
}
}, executor);
return responseFuture;
}
}The publisher will send messages and return the CompletableFuture of the message ID sent.
So let’s test this class. Our goal is to sent a message and get the message id back. The service to mock and simulate is Pub/Sub.
For this purpose, we added the gRPC API dependency on Maven.
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.api.grpc</groupId>
<artifactId>grpc-google-cloud-pubsub-v1</artifactId>
<version>1.97.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>We shall mock the API for publishing actions. The class to implement is PublisherGrpc.PublisherImplBase.
package com.egkatzioura.notification.publisher;
import java.util.UUID;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PublishRequest;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PublishResponse;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PublisherGrpc;
import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
public class MockPublisherGrpc extends PublisherGrpc.PublisherImplBase {
private final String prefix;
public MockPublisherGrpc(String prefix) {
this.prefix = prefix;
}
@Override
public void publish(PublishRequest request, StreamObserver<PublishResponse> responseObserver) {
responseObserver.onNext(PublishResponse.newBuilder().addMessageIds(prefix+":"+UUID.randomUUID().toString()).build());
responseObserver.onCompleted();
}
}
As you see, the message ID will have a prefix we define.
This would be the PublisherGrpc implementation on the server side. Let us proceed to our unit test. The UpdatePublisher class can have a Publisher injected. This publisher will be configured to use the PublisherGrpc.PublisherImplBase created previously.
@Rule
public final GrpcCleanupRule grpcCleanup = new GrpcCleanupRule();
private static final String MESSAGE_ID_PREFIX = "message";
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
String serverName = InProcessServerBuilder.generateName();
Server server = InProcessServerBuilder
.forName(serverName).directExecutor().addService(new MockPublisherGrpc(MESSAGE_ID_PREFIX)).build().start();
grpcCleanup.register(server);
...Above we created a GRPC server that services in-process requests. Then we registered the mock service created previously.
Onward! We create the Publisher using that service and create an instance of the class to test.
...
private UpdatePublisher updatePublisher;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
String serverName = InProcessServerBuilder.generateName();
Server server = InProcessServerBuilder
.forName(serverName).directExecutor().addService(new MockPublisherGrpc(MESSAGE_ID_PREFIX)).build().start();
grpcCleanup.register(server);
ExecutorProvider executorProvider = testExecutorProvider();
ManagedChannel managedChannel = InProcessChannelBuilder.forName(serverName).directExecutor().build();
TransportChannel transportChannel = GrpcTransportChannel.create(managedChannel);
TransportChannelProvider transportChannelProvider = FixedTransportChannelProvider.create(transportChannel);
String topicName = "projects/test-project/topic/my-topic";
Publisher publisher = Publisher.newBuilder(topicName)
.setExecutorProvider(executorProvider)
.setChannelProvider(transportChannelProvider)
.build();
updatePublisher = new UpdatePublisher(publisher, Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor());
...We pass a Channel to our publisher which points to our InProcessServer. Requests will be routed to the service we registered. Finally, we can add our test.
@Test
public void testPublishOrder() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
String messageId = updatePublisher.update("Some notification").get();
assertThat(messageId, containsString(MESSAGE_ID_PREFIX));
}
We did it! We created our in-process gRPC server in order to have tests for our gRPC-driven services.
You can find the code on GitHub!
Published at DZone with permission of Emmanouil Gkatziouras, DZone MVB. See the original article here.
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