Do You Need PUT and PATCH?

Conventional wisdom says that REST APIs should be implemented as follows:

•  GET — read
•  POST — add
•  PUT/PATCH — modify
•  DELETE — remove

This mostly works well. Query parameters can be used to supply arguments for GET and DELETE operations.  POSTs can use either URL-encoded or multipart form data, standard encodings supported by nearly all web browsers, and other HTTP clients.

However, it doesn't work quite as well for PUT  or PATCH. PUT has no standard encoding and requires the entire resource to be sent in the payload. PATCH was introduced as a workaround to this limitation, but it also lacks a standard encoding and is not supported by all clients (notably Java).

However, the POST method can also be used to modify resources. The semantics of POST are less strict than PUT, so it can support partial updates like PATCH. Further, the same encoding used for creating resources (either URL-encoded or multipart) can also be used for updates.

For example:

• POST /products — add a new resource to the "products" collection using the data specified in the request body  
• POST /products/101 — update the existing resource with ID 101 in the products collection using the (possibly partial) data specified in the request body

This approach works particularly well when resources are backed by relational database tables. An "add" POST maps directly to a SQL INSERT operation, and a "modify" POST translates to a SQL UPDATE. The key/value pairs in the body (whether URL-encoded or multipart) map directly to table column names and values.

The approach also supports bulk inserts and updates. POSTing a URL-encoded payload works well for individual records, but JSON, CSV, or XML could easily be used to add or update multiple records at a time.

So, do you really need PUT and PATCH? Given that POST is more flexible, better supported, and can handle both create and update operations, I'd say no. Please share your thoughts in the comments!