This is a true Serenity BDD tutorial. It focuses on open source library Serenity, which helps you to write tests, produce reports and map your automated tests to business requirements.

Let’s run through the basics to clearly understand how it works and how to run and debug your tests.

What is BDD?

BDD stands for behavior-driven development, in which an application is specified and designed by describing how it behaves. BDD offers the ability to enlarge the pool of input and feedback to include business stakeholders and end users who may not even have software development knowledge. BDD is one of the best options for continuous integration, and the Serenity test automation library is the best option for "Java-like" implementation.

So, let's assume that we have a story template:

As a <person (or role)>
I want <have some feature>
so that <check feature value>

In BDD, a story or feature template looks like a scenario:

Given <a scene of the scenario, it is typically something that happened in the past>
When <an event, or an action; can be a person interacting with the system, or it can be an event
triggered by another system>
Then <an expected outcome, or result>

This format is called Gherkin, and helps us write acceptance criteria in a natural, human-readable form.

BDD example (feature file):

Feature: Google search
  In order to find items
  As a generic user
  I want to be able to search with Google
  Scenario: Google search
    Given I want to search in Google
    When I search for 'Serenity BDD'
    Then I should see link to 'Serenity BDD - Automated Acceptance Testing with Style'

You can use different examples in one scenario by referring to example tables. For instance, the following scenario illustrates how you can verify Google search for different words:

Scenario Outline: Google search multiple
  Given I want to search in Google
  When I search for '<search_request>'
  Then I should see link to '<search_result>'
  Examples:
    | search_request | search_result |
    | Serenity BDD | Serenity BDD - Automated Acceptance Testing with Style |
    | Cucumber | Cucumber |

Configuring a Project

Let's create project from scratch by using Selenium framework as the core of the Serenity test automation library.

1. Create project structure (contact Serenity for project source code)

2. Add your feature files

   Create under test/resources feature file:

   example.feature
   Feature: Google search
     In order to find items
     As a generic user
     I want to be able to search with Google
   
     Scenario: Google search
       Given I want to search in Google
       When I search for 'Serenity BDD'
       Then I should see link to 'Serenity BDD - Automated Acceptance Testing with Style'
   
     Scenario Outline: Google search multiple
       Given I want to search in Google
       When I search for '<search_request>'
       Then I should see link to '<search_result>'
       Examples:
         | search_request | search_result |
         | Serenity BDD | Serenity BDD - Automated Acceptance Testing with Style |
         | Cucumber | Cucumber |

   Organize the feature files in subdirectories according to the requirements. In the following directory structure we have feature definitions for several higher-level features: search and translate.

   

3. Create BDD testing runner class

   The test runner class runs feature files. If the feature files are not in the same package as the test runner class, you also need to use the @CucumberOptions annotation to provide the root directory where the feature files and step definitions can be found.

   Info: File should be in package that we specified in failsafe maven plugin (com.test.serenity.runTests)

   
   

   GoogleSearchTests.java
   @RunWith(CucumberWithSerenity.class)
   @CucumberOptions(features = { "src/test/resources/features" },
   glue = { "com.test.serenity.stepDefinitions" })
   public class GoogleSearchTests {
   }

   
   

4. Step definitions of our testing tool

   Each line of the Gherkin scenario maps to a method in a Java class, known as a Step Definition. Cucumber annotations like @Given, @When, and @Then match lines in the scenario to Java methods. You should define simple regular expressions to indicate parameters that will be passed into the methods (for example: "I search for 'something'" will be "I search for '(.*)'"):

   GoogleSearchStepDefinitions.java
   public class GoogleSearchStepDefinitions {
     @Steps
     GoogleSearchSteps googleSearchSteps;
   
     @Given("I want to search in Google")
     public void iWantToSearchInGoogle() throws Throwable {
       googleSearchSteps.openGoogleSearchPage();
     }
     @When("I search for '(.*)'")
     public void iSearchFor(String searchRequest) throws Throwable {
       googleSearchSteps.searchFor(searchRequest);
     }
     @Then("I should see link to '(.*)'")
     public void iShouldSeeLinkTo(String searchResult) throws Throwable {
       googleSearchSteps.verifyResult(searchResult);
     }
   }

   
   

   Info: We use @Steps to add a layer of abstraction between the "what" and the "how" of our 
   acceptance tests. Step definitions describe "what" the acceptance test is doing, in clear 
   business domain language. So we say "I search for 'Serenity BDD'", not "user enters 'Serenity
   BDD' into google search field and clicks on the search button".

   File structure for step definitions, steps, and running test classes looks like this:

   

5. Steps

   Step Library is a Java class, with methods annotated with the @Step annotation:

   GoogleSearchSteps.java
   public class GoogleSearchSteps {
     GoogleSearchPage searchPage;
     GoogleResultsPage resultsPage;
   
     @Step
     public void openGoogleSearchPage() {
       searchPage.open();
     }
     @Step
     public void searchFor(String searchRequest) {
       resultsPage = searchPage.searchFor(searchRequest);
     }
     @Step
     public void verifyResult(String searchResult) {
       List<String> results = resultsPage.getResultsList();
       Assert.assertTrue(results.contains(searchResult));
     }
   }

   
   

   Step definitions should not be complex, and should focus on working at a single level of abstraction. Step definitions typically operate with web services, databases, or WebDriver page objects. For example, in automated web tests like this one, the step library methods do not call WebDriver directly, but they rather interact with Page Objects.

6. Page Objects

   Page Objects hide the WebDriver implementation details about how elements on a page are accessed and manipulated behind simple methods. Like steps, Page Objects are reusable components that make the tests easier to understand and to maintain.

   After extending your page with Page Object, WebDriver instance will be injected into the current page. All you need is to implement WebDriver code that will interact with the page. For example, here is the page object for the Google search page:

   @DefaultUrl("https://google.com")
   public class GoogleSearchPage extends PageObject {
     @FindBy(id = "lst-ib")
     private WebElement searchInputField;
     @WhenPageOpens
     public void waitUntilGoogleLogoAppears() {
       $("#hplogo").waitUntilVisible();
     }
     public GoogleResultsPage searchFor(String searchRequest) {
       element(searchInputField).clear();
       element(searchInputField).typeAndEnter(searchRequest);
       return new GoogleResultsPage(getDriver());
     }
   }

   
   

   Info: WebDriver method open() opens page according to @DefaultUrl annotation. If @DefaultUrl is missing — WebDriver will open webdriver.base.url from property file.

   Note: You can use the $ method to access elements directly using CSS, id, or XPath expressions. Or you may use a member variable annotated with the @FindBy.

Running and Debugging

For running your test, use this Maven command: mvn clean verify  

During execution you can monitor logs:

For debugging, you should have your debug profile in a pom.xml file.

Reports

As for me, reports is the best Serenity feature. You can compile living documentation, combine features and stories in a step-by-step narrative format that includes test data and their execution screenshots.

Main report page shows a wealth of information about tests: count of tests, duration of execution, failed and pending tests, etc.

For example, this page illustrates the test results for our first scenario:

Also, example tables can be a great way to summarize business logic:

An example of report results with errors:

Keep in mind that reports will show you what work has been done, and what work is in progress. Any scenario that contain steps without matching step definition methods will appear in the reports as Pending.

Serenity will use a feature package structure to group and combine test results for each feature. This way, Serenity can report how well each requirement has been tested, and what requirements have not been tested:

You can take a look at this project at Github.

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