Highlighting the Importance of Codd's 12 Rules

Every database includes tables, and constraints can't be referred to as a rational database system. When any database has only relational data model, it can't be a Relational Database System (RDBMS). So, some rules specify a database to function as appropriate RDBMS.  

These principles were developed by Dr. Edgar F. Codd (E.F. Codd) at 1985, who has vast research knowledge on the Relational Model of Database Systems. Codd presents his 13 principles to get a database to test the idea of DBMS contrary to his inaugural model, and when a database follows the principle, it's referred to as a true relational database (RDBMS).  

All these 13 rules are popular in RDBMS, known as Codd's 12 Rules. The database has to be in relational form so that the system can handle the database through its relational capabilities.

Rule 1: Information 

A database contains various information, and this information must be kept in each cell of a table in the shape of columns and rows.

Rule 2: Secured Access  

Every single or exact data (atomic value) can be accessed logically from a relational database using the combination of primary key value, table name and column title.

Rule 3: The Null Value

This principle defines the systematic treatment of Null values in database documents. The null value has various meanings in the database, e.g. missing the data, no worth in a cell, inappropriate data, anonymous data and that the primary key should not be null.

Rule 4: Logical Structure 

It represents the entire logical structure of this descriptive database that has to be stored online and is referred to as a database dictionary. It provokes users to access the database and implement a similar query language to get the database.

Rule 5: Comprehensive Data Sub Language  

The relational database supports different languages, and when we want to get into the database, the language must be the explicit, linear or well-defined syntax. It must also feature character strings and support the following: data definition, view definition, data manipulation, integrity constraints, and restrict trade management operations.  

If the database allows access to the data with no language, it's considered a breach of this database.

Rule 6: View Updating  

All perspectives table could be updated and has to be practically upgraded by the database systems.

Rule 7: Relational Level Operation 

A database system must follow high-level relational operations like "update," "insert" and "delete" in each level or a single row. It also supports "union," "intersection" and "minus operation" from the database system.

Rule 8: Physical Data Independence 

All saved data in a database or an application must be independent to access the database. Each data should not depend on other data or a program. If data is upgraded or the physical construction of the database is altered, it will not demonstrate any impact on outside applications that are accessing the information from your database.

Rule 9: Logical Data Independence  

It's similar to physical data independence. This implies that, if any changes occurred to the logical level (table constructions ), it shouldn't affect the consumer's perspective (program). For example, suppose a table either split into two different tables or two table joins to create a single table, these changes should not be impacted on the user perspective program.

Rule 10: Integrity Freedom

A database must maintain integrity independence when inserting data into table's cells using the SQL query language. All entered values shouldn't be altered or rely on any outside factor or application to keep integrity. It is also valuable in making the database-independent for each front-end application.

Rule 11: Distribution Freedom 

The supply independence principle reflects a database that must work correctly, even if it's stored in various places and utilized by distinct end-users. Suppose an individual accesses the database through an application; in that case, they shouldn't be aware that a different user utilizes specific data, along with the information they consistently get is just located on one site. The end users may access the database, and all these access data should be independent for every single user to do the SQL queries.

Rule 12: Non-Subversion

The non-submersion rule defines RDBMS as a SQL language to store and manipulate the data in the database. If a system has a non or separate language other than SQL to access the database system, it ought not subvert or bypass integrity to change information.