What Is CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) in MuleSoft VPC

Introduction

CIDR stands for Classless Inter-Domain Routing and it way of allocating IP address or host in more efficient manner. It replaces the old way of allocating IP address on based of class system. This method allocate the IP Addresses or host in more efficient way and avoid waste of IP Addresses.

• Class A, 16 million IP Addresses.
• Class B, 65,536 IP Addresses.
• Class C, 256 IP Addresses

Let's consider the Organization requiring around 500 IP Addresses. In such cases, organizations have to go with a Class B IP distribution system where almost more than 60,000 IP addresses are wasted.

What Is an IP Address?

IP Addresses consist of two groups in bits in the address, the most significant bits are network prefix which identifies network or (subnet) and least significant bits from host identifier which specifies a particular interface of the host on that network.

IP Addresses have 2 components: 

1. Network Address 
2. Host Address

Each IP Address (IPv4) is 32 bit or 4 Octet. Below is the representation of IP Address in Binary

CIDR Block Notation: — xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/n, where n is the number of bits used for the subnet mask.

Subnet Mask is made up of setting up all network bits to all 1's and host bits to all 0's.

Let's consider, if you provide CIDR Block 192.168.0.0/24, it will give 255 hosts or IP addresses.

What Is Subnet?

A subnetwork or subnet is a logical subdivision of an IP network. The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting. Computers that belong to a subnet are addressed with an identical most-significant bit-group in their IP addresses.

Now, we will see how to Calculate the total number of hosts using Subnet Mask.

Use Case 1 

Subnet Mask 192.168.0.0/24 will equate to IP Range 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.0.255.

N represents Network and H represents Host. In the above example, we made 24 bits to 1's and the remaining 8 bits to 0's because the Subnet Mask end range is 24. Total 0's are 8 for Host (2*2*2*2*2*2*2*2=256).

This will give an IP range of 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.0.255 (Total 256 Hosts).

Use Case 2

Subnet Mask 192.168.0.0/23 will equate to IP Range 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.0.511.

N represents Network and H represents Host. In the above example, we made 23 bits to 1's and the remaining 9 bits to 0's because the Subnet Mask end range is 23. Total 0's are 9 for Host (2*2*2*2*2*2*2*2*2=512).

This will give an IP range of 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.0.511 (Total 512 Hosts).

Use Case 3

Subnet Mask 192.168.0.0/27 will equate to IP Range 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.0.31.

N represents Network and H represents Host. In the above example, we made 27 bits to 1's and the remaining 5 bits to 0's because the Subnet Mask end range is 27. Total 0's are 5 for Host (2*2*2*2*2=32).

We have borrowed 3 bits from the host to make a total of 27 bits. Subnet will be (2*2*2=8) and the Host will be 32. So we can get a total of 8 subnets.

Subnetworks will be 192.168.0.0/27, 192.168.0.31/27, 192.168.0.63/27, 192.168.0.95/27, 192.168.0.127/27, 192.168.0.159/27, 192.168.0.191/27, 192.168.0.223/27

Here we are dividing the subnet mask into smaller subnetworks.

Whenever you are creating MuleSoft VPC, you need to make sure whatever CIDR Mask you are providing doesn't conflict with your on-premise or any other networks.

The smallest network subnet block you can assign for your Anypoint VPC is /24 and the largest /16. 

For each worker deployed to CloudHub, the following IP assignation takes place:

• For better fault tolerance, the VPC subnet may be divided into up to four Availability Zones.
• A few IP addresses are reserved for infrastructure.
• At least two IP addresses per worker to perform at zero-downtime.

MuleSoft VPC Sizing

Now, we learn how we can do the VPC sizing. Below are some requirements that received from your client and it may vary from client to client.

• You have four environments dev, test, sit and prod.
• Application on dev and sit must run on 1 Worker.
• Application on the test must be run on 2 Workers.
• Application on prod must run on 2 Workers.
• Total Application = 100 (Near Future)
• The organization will have 2 VPC’s, one for PROD and another for NON PROD.

The problem statement is that we need to decide the minimum CIDR block will be needed for PROD and NON-PROD VPC.

There will be 2 IPs reserved for each VPC for infrastructure.

For Production VPC, we require around 300 IPs and it will be provided by a subnet mask of /23 (e.g. 192.168.0.0/23). This subnet mask will provide 512 IPs.

For Non-Production VPC, we require around 600 IPs and it will be provided by a subnet mask of /22 (e.g. 192.168.0.0/22). This subnet mask will provide 1024 IPs.

Smallest VPC size supported by MuleSoft is /24 and larger is /16.

You should know how you can make use of the CIDR range efficiently and perform MuleSoft VPC sizing.